Method of manufacturing a mastic for paving.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH HAY AMIES, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMIESASPHALT COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF SOUTHDAKOTA.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MASTIC FOR PAVING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 3, 1809.

Application filed December 26, 1908. Serial No. 469,463.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OSEPH HAY AMIEs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Method ofManufacturing a Mastic for Paving, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to the method of manufacturing a mastic used inconstruction of roads, streets, side-walks, floors and the like,

and generally stated consists in preparing a mastic composed of mineralmatters, artifi'cial or natural asphalts, or resinous or carbonaceouselements, caustic lime, or other alkali, volatile oils, Water dampenedsand, or the like, the said mastic being maintained in a granular andfriable condition until used.

The principal object of the present invention is to secure a masticcapable of being laid in a cold state and that is practically insensibleto temperature or climatic changes.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a mastic of afriable nature having a permanent active adhesive tendency afterpressure has been applied thereto.

A further object is to dispense with artificial heat in the preparing ofthe mineral matter.

Other objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

In practicing my invention, I place upon a mixing board or in a mixingmachine the desired quantity of mineral matters in a cold condition. OrI may place a heated cement in a hot mixing an or machine and add theother elements t erein. These mineral matters may be brokenstone, slag,pebbles, gravel, sand or ashes, or the-like. Fibers 40 may be used also.These mineral matters are then mixed with a desired amount of volatileelements consistin of crude naphtha or crude gasolene or ot er volatileoil, or alcohol, or the like. This volatile oil may contain creosote,asphaltic oil or the like. If the mineral matters are wet, as is usuallythe case, the volatile oil will adhere to the moisture covered mineralmatter and prepare the same to accept the asphalt or bituminous cement,or the like, whlch is now mixed in the mass. It would be impossible tocoat cold mineral matter with the hot asphaltic or other viscid cementswhen the said cements are fluxed to a desired degree without the use ofthe said volatile oil. The bituminous or calcium other cements should behot enough to readily flow. The mineral particles covered with the oilare now thoroughly mixed with the said cement, after whicha properamount of caustic lime, (either hydrate or quick lime), in a granulatedor powdered condition is mixed with the mass. The above mentionedcaustic lime may be omitted, but for reasons to follow its use ispreferable. When the caustic lime has been thoroughly mixed with theabove described elements, a proper amount of sand, stone dust orthe-like, having been previously well dampened with water is mixedtherewith. The damp sand will form around the particles going to make upthe mastic, with the result that it will serve to prevent the particlesfrom adhering, thereby securing a mastic of a granular and pliablenature. Were it not for the use of the dampened sand, the mastic wouldform mto lumps 0r batches during the cooling of the cement. As the saidfriability of the mastic is attained by the dampness of the sand itstands to reason that any other substance carr ing the moisture may beused instead of samf: and water sprinkled in upon the mass may securethe same results but we have found it convenient to use dampened sand.The mastic may be'now placed in storage or used immediately.

In practice I have tried to mix the mineral matter with the hot cementby placing the hot cement into hot kettles or mixing pans or mixingmachines, then mixing into the cement the alkali then putting thereinthe mineral matters hot or cold; and I have tried this method by firstplacing the mineral matters hot or cold into the hot cement in a hot panthen lacing therein thecalcium oxid or V ydrate, but found the formermethod preferable and much quicker and cheaper. Hot mineral mattersandhot cement thus treated will not take the volatile oils, and these areessential to the quality of Work I desire.

Assuming that the mastic is to be laid upon a street or road, it may beapplied to an existing surface or to a prepared foundation. In eitherevent it is laid in a cold state, raked to place and rolled ortamped. Intherollmg process the friable or granular particles are squeezedtogether and adhere forming a SOlld mass, thus becoming a pavementwithoutvoids. Further, the paving will pack and toughen under rollingand heavy traffic and eventually reach a constituency similar tosemi-hard rubber.

It may be remarked that in the customary process asphaltic or bituminouselements and mineral matters are mixed together in a highly heated stateand the resulting mastic must be placed upon a road or street and rolledor otherwise compressed at the cooling points, otherwise the masticbecomes a hard, solid body impossible to handle. After such a processthe elements become hard and crystallized in temperatures under 60 F.and subject to surface granulation and abrasion in consequence thereof;whereas, by my process, I secure a mastic of a granular and friablecondition, which can be conveniently handled in any temperature, and theresults secured are owing, in a measure, to the large percentage offluxing elements I am enabled to use. These fiuxing elements amount toabout 40% in weight of the asphaltic cement, whereas, in the customaryprocesses not nearly so high a percentage of the fluxing elements can beused. I am enabled to use a large percentage of fluxing elements becausethe caustic lime takes up, converts and holds the volatile elements ofthe fluxing oils, causing the asphaltic cement to toughen and to becomeindifferent to changes of temperature, and thereby eliminating aging oroxidation. In practice I have found that caustic lime is best adaptedfor my process, and it may be either hydrate of lime, that is, calciumhydrate, or quick lime, that is, calcium oxid. It would not answer thepurpose of this invention to boil the caustic lime with asphalt orbituminous elements, because of the impossibility of it thereafter beingunited and evenly distributed among the mineral elements. I also securesaponification of certain elements in the asphaltic, bituminous orresinous substances and the like, by the use of an alkali, preferablylime, as above mentioned, thereby making the mastic indifferent tochanges in solar temperatures, and practically eliminating aging oroxidation as before mentioned. I do not confine myself to the alkali ofcaustic lime to produce the saponification of the said elements but findthls preferable on the account of cheapness and effectiveness.

What I claim is:

1. The process of making a bituminous mastic which consists in takingmineral matter, earthy matter or fibrous matter, and treating same witha volatile oil, to facilitate the adhering of a bituminous cement aroundsaid particles, applying an alkali, as caustic lime, to producesaponification and arrest the evaporation of the volatileelements andfix the same, and adding dampened sand, water, and the like, to saidcoated particles to form a mastic of a granular and friable nature.

2. The process of making a bituminous mastic, which consists in takingmineral matter, coating said mineral matter with a suitable oil, thenmixing therewith an asphaltic, bituminous, resinous carbonaceous andlike cement, to cover the mineral particles, then mixing therewithcaustic lime, and finally coating the bituminous particles with dampenedsand to produce a mastic of a granular and friable nature.

3. The herein described method of building a road and the like, whichconsists in taking a bituminous mastic composed of calcium oxid orcalcium hydrate in dry powdery form, the mastic being of a granular andfriable nature, spreading and rolling the same in a cold state, andcompressing the particles together to a finished surface.

4. The hereindescribed process which consists in mixing an alkali ascalcium oxid or calcium hydrate in dry powdery form with mineral, earthyor fibrous matter, then adding thereto asphaltic or other bituminous,

resinous, carbonaceous and like elements, to

provide a bituminous composition.

5. The method of placing heated bituminous cement in a heated pan, thenmixing heated mineral matters therewith, then adding calcium oxid orcalcium hydrate, then coating same with dampened sand, as set forth.

6. The method of placing mineral matters in a heated pan, then mixingthe said mineral matters with hot asphaltic or other bituminous cement,or the like, then adding calcium oxid or calcium hydrate and, thencoating same with dampened sand and the like,

as fully set forth.

- JOSEPH HAY AMIES. Witnesses: WILLIAM J. JACKSON, P. S. DUNN.

